ABSTRACT
El sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) es una neoplasia maligna angioproliferativa de bajo grado, causada por la infección por virus herpes humano tipo 8 (HHV-8). El tracto gastrointestinal está involucrado en el 40% de los casos y constituye la neoplasia maligna gastrointestinal más común en pacientes con sida. Se presenta el caso de un paciente 32 años con antecedente de VIH de larga data, sin tratamiento, que relató episodios de proctorragia intermitente y pérdida de peso en los últimos dos meses. Presentaba lesiones cutáneas elevadas en forma de placas violáceas que predominaban en tronco y miembros superiores. Se realizó videocolonoscopía, la que evidenció en el área próxima a la válvula ileocecal y en el colon ascendente, lesiones sobreelevadas, eritematosas, friables y sangrantes, las cuales se biopsiaron. El estudio anatomopatológico reportó un perfil inmunohistoquímico compatible con SK. Al momento de la escritura de este artículo el paciente se encontraba bajo tratamiento quimioterápico (doxorrubicina liposomal, seis ciclos) e iniciando tratamiento antirretroviral (lamivudina tenofovir dolutegravir). Se presenta el siguiente caso para destacar la importancia del enfoque multidisciplinario del paciente con VIH/sida y fundamentalmente el rol de la endoscopía digestiva tanto alta como baja en pacientes con dolor abdominal, sangrado digestivo u otros síntomas abdominales, con el fin de descartar patologías del tracto gastrointestinal y, particularmente, el SK
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a low-grade angioproliferative malignancy caused by infection with human herpes virus -8. The gastrointestinal tract is involved in 40% of cases, being the most common gastrointestinal malignancy in patients with AIDS. We present the case of a 32-year-old patient with a long-standing history of HIV without treatment, who reported episodes of intermittent proctorrhagia and weight loss in the last two months. He presented raised skin lesions in the form of violaceous plaques that predominate on the trunk and upper limbs. A videocolonoscopy was performed, revealing raised, erythematous, friable, bleeding lesions near the ileocecal valve and in the ascending colon, which were biopsied. The anatomopathological study shows an immunohistochemical profile compatible with KS. At the time of writing this article, the patient was under chemotherapy treatment (liposomal doxorubicin, 6 cycles) and starting antiretroviral treatment (lamivudine - tenofovir - dolutegravir). The following case is presented to highlight the importance of the multidisciplinary approach of the patient with HIV / AIDS and fundamentally the role of both upper and lower digestive endoscopy in those cases that present with abdominal pain, digestive bleeding and other abdominal symptoms, in order to rule out gastrointestinal tract pathologies and particularly KS
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , HIV/immunology , Gastrointestinal Tract/pathologyABSTRACT
Introducción: El sarcoma de Kaposi es una neoplasia maligna multifocal de células endoteliales, que se presenta con lesiones características en la piel, boca y ganglios linfáticos. Objetivo: Describir un caso de sarcoma de Kaposi que, por sus características, entorpeció el diagnóstico de infección por VIH. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino, de 30 años, diagnosticado recientemente con síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, sin tratamiento. Fue referido a la consulta de cirugía maxilofacial para biopsia de adenopatía cervical derecha. Durante el examen físico se observó edema generalizado en ambos miembros inferiores, con lesiones hiperpigmentadas de aspecto macular y papular de varias tonalidades. En la mucosa del paladar duro se apreció una lesión pigmentada violácea, que abarcaba la línea media palatina y se extendía hacia la hemiarcada izquierda. Se realizó la exégesis de la adenopatía con fines diagnósticos, con lo cual se confirmó sarcoma de Kaposi. Conclusiones: La falta de familiaridad con las características clínicas, así como la falta de una biopsia de las lesiones cutánea y un examen completo de la cavidad oral, ocasionaron que esta neoplasia pasara desapercibida en los exámenes médicos de rutina en el caso presentado, lo que condujo a un bajo índice de sospecha de la infección por VIH/sida y retrasó el tratamiento oportuno. Cuando la inmunosupresión está avanzada, el sarcoma de Kaposi relacionado al síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida tiende a ser más agresivo(AU)
Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma is a multifocal malignant neoplasm of endothelial cells which presents with characteristic lesions on the skin, mouth and lymph glands. Objective: Describe a case of Kaposi sarcoma with characteristics that hindered HIV infection diagnosis. Case presentation: A case is presented of a male 30-year-old patient recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and not following any treatment. The patient was referred to the maxillofacial surgery service for right cervical adenopathy biopsy. Physical examination revealed generalized edema in both lower limbs, with hyperpigmented lesions of macular and papular appearance and various shades of color. A purplish pigmented lesion was detected in the hard palate mucosa. The lesion covered the palatal midline and extended toward the left hemiarch. Exeresis of the adenopathy was performed for diagnostic purposes, confirming the diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma. Conclusions: Lack of familiarity with the clinical characteristics of Kaposi sarcoma, and not performing a biopsy of the skin lesions and a complete examination of the oral cavity, made the neoplasm go unnoticed to routine medical tests, leading to low suspicion of HIV/AIDS infection and delaying timely treatment. In advanced immunosuppression, Kaposi sarcoma related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome tends to be more aggressive(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , HIV , Immunosuppression Therapy , Delayed DiagnosisABSTRACT
El sarcoma de Kaposi linfangiomatoso es una variante clínica rara del sarcoma de Kaposi. Tiene la característica de presentarse como cavidades con contenido líquido que muchas veces se confunden con enfermedades ampollares de la piel. Presentamos un paciente masculino con antecedente de infección por VIH asociado a sarcoma de Kaposi clásico, diseminado a nivel pulmonar, gastrointestinal y cutáneo. Tras dos ciclos de quimioterapia mejoró el compromiso sistémico, pero comenzó con ampollas en ambos muslos, por lo que junto con estudios clínicos y estudios complementarios se llegó al diagnóstico de sarcoma de Kaposi linfangiomatoso.
Lymphangiomatous Kaposi's sarcoma is a rare clinical variant of Kaposi's sarcoma. It has the characteristic of appearing as cavities with liquid content that are often confused with blistering skin diseases. We present a male patient with a history of HIV infection associated with classic Kaposi's sarcoma, disseminated to the pulmonary, gastrointestinal and skin levels. After two cycles of chemotherapy, the systemic involvement improved but she began with blisters on both thighs, from which, together with clinical studies and complementary studies, a diagnosis of lymphangiomatous Kaposi's sarcoma was reached.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , HIV Infections/immunology , Treatment Outcome , Lymphangioleiomyomatosis/diagnosis , Lymphangioleiomyomatosis/therapy , Early DiagnosisABSTRACT
O sarcoma de Kaposi é uma neoplasia maligna associada à infecção pelo herpes vírus humano 8 em doentes imunossupressos. O sarcoma de Kaposi Epidêmico é o tipo epidemiológico mais frequente e afeta indivíduos VIH-positivos. A região anoperineal é raramente envolvida e as lesões suspeitas devem ser biopsiadas para confirmação histológica. A base do tratamento é a restauração imune do doente. Relatamos o caso de um jovem, com diagnóstico recente de infeção pelo VIH, sem tratamento, que foi admitido no serviço de infectologia apresentando sintomas constitucionais, adenomegalias inguinais e extensa lesão verrucosa e ulcerada na região anoperineal. As biópsias confirmaram o diagnóstico de sarcoma de Kaposi e o doente iniciou terapia antirretroviral e quimioterapia. Houve recuperação clínica, regressão das lesões e desaparecimento das adenomegalias. Este relato objetiva alertar as equipes médicas no sentido de se incluir o sarcoma de Kaposi no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões que afetam a região anoperineal.
Kaposi's sarcoma is a malignant neoplasm associated with human herpesvirus 8 infection in immunocompromised patients. Epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common epidemiological type and affects HIV-positive patients. Perineal involvement is rare, and suspicious lesions should be biopsied to confirm histological diagnosis. Treatment consists of restoring the patient's immune system. We report the case of a young patient recently diagnosed with HIV, without treatment, who was admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases with nonspecific symptoms, inguinal lymphadenopathy, and an extensive verrucous ulcerated lesion in the perineal region. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma, and the patient was started on antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy. Clinical recovery was achieved, with lesion reduction and inguinal adenopathy resolution. This case report aims to encourage physicians to include Kaposi's sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of perineal lesions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Anus Neoplasms/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Anus Neoplasms/drug therapy , Sarcoma, Kaposi/drug therapy , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/statistics & numerical data , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Abstract We present the case of an HIV-negative man with asymptomatic penile erythematoviolaceous papules associated with similar slightly verrucous papules in the interdigital space of the right foot. A biopsy of the penile lesion confirmed Kaposi's sarcoma. No other causes of immunosuppression were observed. Penile lesions of KS are rare in HIV-negative individuals but it should also be considered in the differential diagnosis. Careful follow-up is recommended.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Penile Neoplasms , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Herpesvirus 8, Human , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Kaposi sarcoma is an angioproliferative disorder that ranges from a single indolent skin lesion to respiratory and gastrointestinal/visceral involvement. Kaposi sarcoma is rare in non-immunosuppressed patients. Nineteen cases of penile Kaposi sarcoma in HIV-negative patients were reported in 2012. We present the case report of a 48-year-old male patient with no previous medical history, who came to our urology clinic presenting a purple-color papule on the penis glans. Lab tests revealed negative serology for HIV, but tissue PCR was positive for human herpesvirus 8. Histopathology examination after lesion excision was compatible with Kaposi sarcoma. No other cutaneous or mucosal lesions were present. Primary Kaposi sarcoma of the penis is rare, but may occur in non-immunosuppressed patients.
RESUMO O sarcoma de Kaposi é uma doença angioproliferativa que varia de uma lesão cutânea indolente isolada ao envolvimento visceral respiratório e gastrintestinal. É raro em pacientes não imunossuprimidos. Dezenove casos de sarcoma de Kaposi de pênis em pacientes HIV negativos foram relatados em 2012. Descrevemos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 48 anos, sem história pregressa, que se apresentou em nossa clínica urológica com pápula violeta na glande. Os testes de laboratório revelaram sorologia negativa para HIV, mas o PCR em tecido foi positivo para o herpesvírus humano 8. A histopatologia após a excisão da lesão foi compatível com sarcoma de Kaposi. Não existia outra lesão cutânea ou de mucosa. O sarcoma de Kaposi primário de pênis é raro, mas pode ocorrer em pacientes não imunossuprimidos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Penile Neoplasms/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , HIV Seronegativity , Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Abstract: Background: Kaposi's sarcoma continues to be the most common human immunodeficiency virus - associated neoplasm with considerable morbidity and mortality. Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics, initial staging, and outcomes of aids patients with Kaposi's sarcoma at an university hospital of Recife, Pernambuco. Methods: This is a descriptive study with analytic character, retrospective, of a case series between 2004 and 2014. Results: Of the 22 patients included in the study, 20 were aged <40 years (72.7%). The majority had CD4+ T lymphocyte counts of <200 cells/mm3 (77.3%) and human immunodeficiency virus loads of <100,000 copies/mL (78.9%). Lesions were most commonly observed on the skin (90%), and internal organs were affected in 11 of the 22 patients. Only 7 (31.8%) of the 22 patients were undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the time of Kaposis sarcoma diagnosis, and the initial disease staging classification was high risk (Aids Clinical Trials Group Oncology Committee) in 19 of the 22 patients (86.4%). Regarding Kaposi's sarcoma treatment, 17 of 22 patients (77.3%) underwent systemic chemotherapy + ART and 5 were treated exclusively with ART. Eight of the 22 patients died (36.5%); of these, 87.5% had died within one year of Kaposi's sarcoma diagnosis. Limitation of the study: Without a control group, this study cannot be used to generate hypotheses. Conclusions: Despite the association between aids and late Kaposi's sarcoma diagnosis in the study population, including an unfavorable risk at the time of staging, a lower mortality rate was observed relative to other studies; this might be related to access to a specialized health service.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Sarcoma, Kaposi/mortality , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/mortality , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/drug therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes , HIV Infections/complications , Retrospective Studies , Mortality , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Hospitals, UniversityABSTRACT
SUMMARY Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a multicentric lymphoproliferative malignancy. Most of the time this tumor is confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but it can present with widespread visceral involvement, such as in the lung. Pulmonary KS is the most frequent form in young adult males, in a ratio of 15:1. The disease usually affects individuals with low CD4 lymphocyte counts (<150-200 cells/mm3). We report a case of a female patient aged 35 years, with the presence of skin lesions, self-limiting episodes of diarrhea and weight loss of 15 kg for nearly 9 months, progressing to persistent fever. AIDS was diagnosed and biopsy of the lesions revealed Kaposi’s sarcoma. Computed tomography of the chest showed peribronchovascular thickening, areas of ground glass opacity, condensations with air bronchograms surrounded by ground glass opacity (halo sign) and bilateral pleural effusion. The diagnosis of pulmonary KS is still a challenge, especially due to the occurrence of other opportunistic diseases that may also occur concurrently. Therefore, suspecting this diagnosis based on clinical and laboratory manifestations, and even more with CT findings, is fundamental, especially in patients who already have the cutaneous form of the disease.
RESUMO O sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) é uma neoplasia angioproliferativa maligna multicêntrica. Na maioria das vezes, esse tumor restringe-se à pele e ao tecido subcutâneo, mas pode cursar com comprometimento visceral amplamente disseminado, como é o caso do pulmão. O SK pulmonar é a forma mais frequente em homens adultos jovens, em uma proporção de 15:1. A doença geralmente acomete indivíduos com baixa contagem de linfócitos CD4 (<150-200 células/mm3). Relatamos um caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 35 anos, com presença de lesões cutâneas, episódios de diarreia autolimitada e perda de peso de 15 kg havia aproximadamente 9 meses, evoluindo para quadro febril persistente. Foi dado o diagnóstico de aids e foi realizada biópsia das lesões evidenciando sarcoma de Kaposi. A tomografia computadorizada do tórax evidenciou imagens de espessamento peribroncovascular, áreas de vidro fosco, condensações com broncogramas aéreos circundados por área de vidro fosco (sinal do halo) e derrame pleural bilateral. O diagnóstico da forma pulmonar de SK ainda é um desafio, principalmente pela ocorrência de outras doenças oportunistas que, inclusive, podem ocorrer de forma concomitante. Portanto, a suspeição desse diagnóstico pelas manifestações clínicas, laboratoriais e, principalmente, tomográficas é de fundamental importância, sobretudo em pacientes que já apresentam a forma cutânea da doença.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/drug therapy , Biopsy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology , Fatal Outcome , Lung/pathology , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapyABSTRACT
Paciente masculino de 29 años de edad, raza blanca, soltero, profesor universitario, con antecedentes de padecer crisis de epilepsia tratado con fenitoína y actualmente controlado, menciona que desde hace aproximadamente 4 semanas comenzó con ojo rojo y molestias oculares del ojo derecho, por lo cual acudió a su área de salud donde fue tratado como cuadro de conjuntivitis. No mostró mejoría alguna, sino empeoramiento del cuadro clínico, y observó un enrojecimiento ocular intenso en el ángulo interno de dicho ojo que se fue extendiendo, acompañado de ligera fotofobia. Por la tórpida evolución del cuadro decidió acudir a nuestra institución por lo cual fue remitido a la Consulta de Oculoplastia. También refirió que desde hacía dos meses había presentado anorexia, dificultad al comer, así como pérdida de peso, por lo cual se decidió comenzar estudio y tratamiento. Se decidió realizar la resección de la masa tumoral en conjuntiva bulbar y se envió para estudio anatomopatológico. El resultado fue compatible con un sarcoma de Kaposi(AU)
A twenty-nine years-old male Caucasian patient, single and university professor, with a history of epilepsy treated with fenitoin and managed at present. He stated that 4 weeks ago approximately, he began feeling ocular discomfort in addition to reddened eye, so he went to his health area where he was treated as a conjunctivitis case. No improvement occurred, the clinical picture worsened and there was intensive ocular reddening in the internal angle of the eye that extended and mild photofobia. Because of the rapid profession of the clinical picture, he decided to go to our institution where he was referred to the Oculoplasty Service. He also said that he had been suffering anorexia, difficulties to eating and weight loss two months ago. It was then decided to start the study and treatment of this case. First, the tumor mass from the bulbar conjunctiva was resected and then sent to anatomical pathological study service. The result was compatible with Kaposi´s sarcoma diagnosis(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Conjunctiva/injuries , Epithelium, Corneal/injuries , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/therapyABSTRACT
Kaposi's sarcoma is a multifocal vascular lesion of low-grade potential that is most often present in mucocutaneous sites and usually also affects lymph nodes and visceral organs. The condition may manifest through purplish lesions, flat or raised with an irregular shape, gastrointestinal bleeding due to lesions located in the digestive system, and dyspnea and hemoptysis associated with pulmonary lesions. In the early 1980s, the appearance of several cases of Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men was the first alarm about a newly identified epidemic, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In 1994, it was finally demonstrated that the presence of a herpes virus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma called HHV-8 or Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus and its genetic sequence was rapidly deciphered. The prevalence of this virus is very high (about 50%) in some African populations, but stands between 2% and 8% for the entire world population. Kaposi's sarcoma only develops when the immune system is depressed, as in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which appears to be associated with a specific variant of the Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus. There are no treatment guidelines for Kaposi's sarcoma established in Brazil, and thus the Brazilian Society of Clinical Oncology and the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases developed the treatment consensus presented here.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Sarcoma, Kaposi , Brazil , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/therapy , Societies, MedicalABSTRACT
El sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) es un cáncer que se desarrolla a partir de las células de los vasos sanguíneos o linfáticos. Fue descrito, en 1872, por Moriz Kaposi, y por muchos años se consideró una neoplasia de curso poco agresivo, lo cual cambió con la epidemia del sida. Se han descrito clásicamente cuatro grupos de SK: clásico, endémico, iatrogénico y epidémico. El SK clásico, aparece con mayor frecuencia en pacientes de 60 a 70 años y de origen mediterráneo. Se presenta el caso de un paciente joven de 27 años, inmunocompetente que desarrolla un SK clásico con inicio inusual.
Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer that develops from blood cells or lymphatic vessels. It was described in 1872 by Moriz Kaposi, and for many years was considered an aggressive neoplasm, which changed with the AlDS epidemic. lt has been classically described into four groups of Kaposi's sarcoma: classic, endemic, iatrogenic and epidemic. The classic Kaposi sarcoma occurs more frequent in patients from 60 to 70 years old and Mediterranean origin. We report the case of a young patient of 27 years old, immunocompetent who developed classic Kaposi sarcoma with an un usual start.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Sarcoma, Kaposi , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/drug therapyABSTRACT
Kaposis sarcoma is the most common cancer in men who have sex with men with AIDS. The estimated prevalence in the United States is 25
in patients with positive serology for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The commitment of the gastrointestinal tract is seen in 40
of patients with Kaposis sarcoma related to AIDS but lesions can occur anywhere in the body and evolve rapidly. We present a 33-year-old patient who kept sex with men, with epidemiological history of hepatitis B and syphilis, who consulted the service of Coloproctology for perianal ulcer. He was studied according to the protocols of sexually transmitted diseases, was diagnosed HIV and an excision biopsy of the lesion was performed. The diagnosis of perianal Kaposis sarcoma was reached. Kaposis sarcoma-HIV was staged, no other lesions were found and the patient started antiretrovirals with poor response to therapy. He evolved with rapid progression of the disease and died with the presumptive diagnosis of Fourniers syndrome at three months after the excision biopsy. We conclude that perianal ulcers are a relatively common pathology in the office of Coloproctology and differential diagnosis are different according to the positivity for HIV or not and the patients sexual practices. We consider that is important to publish and spread these cases.
Subject(s)
Homosexuality, Male , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Adult , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Male , Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complicationsABSTRACT
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular neoplasm, which is fairly prevalent in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Mucocutaneous and lymph node involvements are characteristic features of KS in AIDS patients. The involvement of gastrointestinal tract occurs in 40% of KS patients and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. In the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, the rate of AIDS related KS has fallen with control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viremia. However, it is still recognized as the primary AIDS-defining illness, and the proportion of AIDS diagnoses made due to KS ranged from 4.1% to 7.5%. In Korea, AIDS-related KS has been report in low rate incidence. Its gastrointestinal involvements are rarely reported. To date, five cases have been recorded in Korea. Herein, we present an additional case of gastrointestinal KS as the AIDS-defining illness and review of the Korean medical literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Endoscopy, Digestive System , HIV Infections/complications , Republic of Korea , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been significantly altered since the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, lung diseases are still common in these patients. This makes flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy a valuable diagnostic tool. Knowledge of the visual appearance of various diseases would be of utmost importance to the bronchoscopist. Timely recognition of the endobronchial appearance of these diseases can narrow the differential diagnosis and potentially mitigate an avoidable delay in the diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Angiomatosis, Bacillary/diagnosis , Bronchoscopy , Cryptococcosis/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/complications , Humans , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/etiology , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosisABSTRACT
Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente con trasplante renal, atendido en el Hospital Provincial Docente "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, que a los 12 meses de operado comenzó a presentar lesiones eritematosas en la piel. Los resultados de los exámenes complementarios, incluida la biopsia, confirmaron que se trataba de un sarcoma de Kaposi. El afectado egresó y continuó su seguimiento por consulta externa. A los 3 meses, la dermatopatía había desaparecido totalmente y disminuido a 50 por ciento el índice de filtración glomerular.
The case report of a patient with renal transplantion, attended in the «Saturnino Lora Torres¼ Teaching Provincial Hospital from Santiago de Cuba who, after 12 months of his surgery, began to present erythematous lesions in the skin is presented. The results of the additional tests, including the biopsy, confirmed that it was a Kaposi's sarcoma. He was discharged and continued his follow up through the out patient department. After 3 months, the dermatopathy had totally disappeared and the glomerular filtration index decreased to 50 percent.
Subject(s)
Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Kidney Transplantation , Skin Diseases , Secondary CareABSTRACT
Sarcoma de Kaposi é uma neoplasia angioproliferativa de origem mesenquimal com acometimento cutâneo frequente. Encontra-se relacionado a doenças infecciosas ou a condições que envolvam imunossupressão. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um caso de sarcoma de Kaposi disseminado iatrogênico, em paciente usuária crônica de corticosteroide. Embora, atualmente, o sarcoma de Kaposi seja relacionado principalmente à síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, é importante destacar seu comportamento crescente como malignidade oportunista em pacientes em uso de imunossupressores, particularmente, corticosteróide
Kaposis sarcoma is a mesenchymal angioproliferative neoplasm with frequent cutaneous involvement. It is related to infectious diseases or conditions involving immunosuppression. The aim of this paper is to describe a case of disseminated iatrogenic Kaposis sarcoma in a female patient under corticosteroid therapy. Although currently Kaposis sarcoma is related primarily to the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, it is important to highlight its growing presence as an opportunistic malignancy in patients taking immunosuppressive drugs, particularly corticosteroids
Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Immunosuppression Therapy , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/chemically induced , Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathologyABSTRACT
El Sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) es una causa de compromiso respiratorio en el VIH/SIDA, que clásicamente ha indicado un pronóstico desfavorable. Esta definición está modificándose,según la extensión y alcance de los tratamientos actuales con antiretrovirales (HAART). Se exponen los rasgos clínicos y los recursos diagnósticos empleados en dos pacientesasistidos en nuestro hospital universitario. Las lesiones mucocutáneas generalizadas, los patrones característicos de tomografía computada de alta resolución (TCAR) junto a los hallazgos fibrobroncoscópicos (FBC) son descriptos en ambos casos. Se discuten los diagnósticos diferenciales para neoplasias e infecciones oportunistas, con la correspondiente revisión bibliográfica.
Kaposi´s sarcoma (KS) is considered one of the most severe manifestations related to lung involvement in HIV/AIDS. Present therapy with HAART has modified the incidence and prognosis of Kaposi´s sarcoma. However, KS is still a prevalent condition in HIV/AIDS patients. Clinical features, diagnostic patterns from High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT), and bronchofibroscopy findings are described in two patients.Differential diagnosis for main conditions in the AIDS clinical context (malignant neoplasm, opportunistic infections) is discussed with a review of previous reports.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , HIV , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Bronchoscopy , Diagnosis, Differential , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methodsABSTRACT
Kaposi's sarcoma [KS] is a complex neoplasm characterized by angio-proliferative multifocal tumors of the skin, mucosa and viscera. There are four different epidemiological forms of KS: classic [sporadic] [cKS], African [endemic], AIDS-associated [epidemic], and immunosupression-associated [iatrogenic]. In this paper we report for the first time types of Kaposi's sarcoma from the Nuba Mountains as seen in Dermatology Military Hospital. Clinical features and confirmative tests were done for six patients. Three, two and one cases were AIDS rated, endemic type and iatrogenic type of Kaposi's sarcoma respectively. We report a series of Kaposi's sarcoma in six Sudanese patients. Mean age 66.7 year, five of them were males and a female. The AIDS associated KS patients showed good response to management and are under follow-up on HAART. The endemic type cases have been improved with chemotherapy. The single case of iatrogenic KS could not be traced
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Disease Outbreaks , Herpesvirus 8, Human , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosisABSTRACT
O sarcoma de Kaposi é uma neoplasia vascular que ocorre em grupos populacionais distintos, principalmente em assistidos com deficiência imunitária, doença mais comum em indivíduos com o vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida, também conhecido por HIV (do inglês human immunodeficiency virus). Clinicamente, apresenta-se como máculas, placas ou nódulos arroxeados na pele, na mucosa oral ou nas vísceras. Sua etiopatogenia ainda não está bem esclarecida, e diversas pesquisas têm sido realizadas na tentativa de identificar o agente etiológico. O herpesvírus humano do tipo 8 vem sendo associado com a etiopatogênese de todas as formas do sarcoma. Numeros os estudos na literatura tentam estabelecer o melhor método para a identificação do herpervírus em questão nos indivíduos com essa neoplasia. Entretanto, os resultados são controversos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi revisar a literatura no sentido de identificar principais técnicas, métodos e resultados para a detecção do herpesvírus em sarcoma de Kaposi, uma vez que a existência de numerosos métodos para detecção do vírus torna a associação deste herpervírus como agente causal das lesões de Kaposi um assunto que deve ser mais bem esclarecido, no sentido de investigar se a presença do vírus está realmente relacionada com o desenvolvimento do sarcoma.
The Kaposi's sarcoma is a vascular neoplasm that occurs in different population groups, especially in patients with compromised immune system, being more common in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus. Clinically, presents as macules, plaques or nodules purple in skin, oral mucosa or viscera. Its etiopathogenesis is not it well clear yet, and several studies have been undertaken in an attempt to identify the causative agent of these lesions. The human herpesvirus type eight has been associated with the etiopathogenesis of all forms of this neoplasm. Numerous studies in the literature attempt to determine the best method for identifying this herpesvirus in patients with this cancer. However the results presented by different authors are controversial. Thus, this paper reviews the literature to identify the main techniques, methods and results for the detection of this human herpesvirus in Kaposi's sarcoma, since the existence of numerous methods for virus detection makes the association of herpesvirus as the causal agent of Kaposi's lesions, this issue needs to be clarified in order to investigate whether the virus was closely linked to the development of this disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , HIV , Herpesviridae Infections , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Review , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosisABSTRACT
Background: In the last two decades; the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma has increased due to acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic. This study was designed to highlight the characteristic features of Kaposi's sarcoma in our centre before this epidemic. Method: In a retrospective study; all histologically diagnosed cases of Kaposi's sarcoma at Pathology Department; Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital; Zaria; before acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic (1971 - 1980) were retrieved from histopathology register and analysed. Results: A total of 37 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma were diagnosed during the period of study; constituting 0.73of the total number of histologically verified cancers from all sites during the same period. Male to female ratio was 5:1. Two cases occurred in children while the peak age of occurence was the third and fourth decades. Lower limb and the lymph node were the most frequently involved site by the disease. Conclusion: Kaposi's sarcoma was relatively rare in the Northern region of Nigeria in the pre-acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic and could present clinically as lymphadenopathy